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Наука и технологии трубопроводного транспорта нефти и нефтепродуктов

Расширение географии строительства нефтегазопроводов в регионах с низкой плотностью населения и на территориях распространения скальных, галечниковых, мерзлых и крупнообломочных грунтов требует
повышенного внимания к защите изоляционного покрытия трубопровода от механических воздействий окружающей среды. Традиционный способ защиты покрытия путем применения мелкодисперсного песчаного грунта имеет существенные недостатки, которые могут в определенных обстоятельствах привести к значительному удорожанию стоимости строительства и эксплуатации трубопровода, особенно при необходимости периодической замены и обновления песчаного защитного слоя. Для решения этой проблемы широкое распространение в практике получили защитные конструкции из различных материалов, которые устанавливаются на внешнюю поверхность трубопровода. Защитные конструкции значительно отличаются как по материалу, так и по способу установки. Применяемые в них материалы совершенно различны по своим прочностным характеристикам, имеют различную плотность, твердость, гибкость, что приводит к комплексной проблеме отсутствия возможности сопоставления защитных характеристик таких конструкций друг с другом, а значит невозможности подбора оптимальной конструкции. Проблема усугубляется применением различными производителями совершенно разных критериев прочности и надежности для защитных покрытий. Производители вынуждены опираться на результаты практических и полевых испытаний, чаще всего уже по факту применения защитной конструкции.
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